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Characteristics and Outcomes of a Prospective Cohort Study on VBAC Success and Failure Introduction Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) is a viable option for women with a prior cesarean delivery. Identifying predictors of success and understanding failure mechanisms are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Aims and Objectives This study aimed to identify clinical, obstetric, and demographic factors associated with successful VBAC. Additionally, it sought to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes to guide individualized counseling and delivery planning. Material and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at AIIMS, New Delhi, from April 2023 to September 2024, involving 100 women attempting VBAC. Data on demographic, obstetric, and clinical parameters were collected and analyzed for associations with VBAC success or failure. Results Among 100 women, 55 had successful VBAC. Predictors of success included spontaneous labour, favourable cervical characteristics (dilation, consistency, position), and higher Modified Bishop Scores. Failed VBAC was primarily associated with fetal distress, failed induction, and scar tenderness. Conclusions VBAC success depends on factors such as spontaneous labour, favorable cervical parameters, and obstetric history. Individualised assessment of these predictors is essential for informed decision-making and improving VBAC success rates.